His father funded his research which allowed him to meet several established naturalists, such as the geologist Charles Lyell. Upon Darwin’s arrival back in the United Kingdom in 1836, he looked at the data he collected and read several sources that formed the theory of evolution by natural selection. The group gathered samples and information from the coastline of South America. His job was to collect artifacts, fossils, preserved animals, and plants as a naturalist aboard the ship. Beagle expedition with captain Robert FitzRoy. This was the belief system that Darwin was accustomed to when he went on the 5-year H.M.S. Paley was a clergyman and utilitarian who proposed that the world was created by a divine entity who specifically designed the world to be as it is. There he would be interested in William Paley’s Natural Theology which was the ruling school of thought regarding the origin of life on earth. After neglecting his medical studies, Darwin was sent by his father to Christ’s College, Cambridge, to become a clergyman. Robert Darwin’s influence on his son prompted Charles Darwin to attend medical school at the University of Edinburgh, where he learned taxidermy, a skill that would be useful in his search for the origin of species. Additionally, his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, constructed one of the pioneering theories on evolution called Zoonomia, which he wrote about in his poetic essay entitled The Temple of Nature. His upper-class status in society allowed him to pursue varied kinds of study as advised by his father, who wanted him to become either a physician or a clergyman. Charles Darwin’s DiscoveryĬharles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, to a wealthy doctor named Robert Darwin and his wife, Susannah Wedgwood Darwin. Their relationship as fellow scientists was a friendly one despite speculation by the journalist Arnold Brackman and the evolutionary biologist John Langdon Brooks that Darwin stole part of his theory from Wallace’s paper. Darwin and Wallace released books on Natural Selection the former published On the Origin of Species in 1859, while the latter released Darwinism in 1889. All acknowledged that Darwin formulated the theory first, and Wallace was credited as a co-discoverer. Wallace’s essay, as well as portions of Darwin’s writings regarding the divergence of species, were read on July 1, 1858, at the Linnean Society of London. They decided that both should be acknowledged for their groundbreaking findings. Having already shared his thoughts on natural selection with his naturalist colleagues, Darwin was advised by Joseph Hooker and Charles Lyell on how to deal with the similarities between both scientists’ discoveries. The essay was entitled On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely From the Original Type. As Darwin was already an established naturalist at the time, Wallace sent his paper detailing his ideas to the famous scientist while Darwin was still gathering more evidence for his book on the topic. While Charles Darwin was the more well-known proponent of the theory of evolution by natural selection as he was the first to collect data for the idea, Alfred Wallace was a junior who had almost simultaneously theorized about the transmutation of species as a reaction to environmental factors. Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace were both British naturalists from the 1800s they independently investigated the phenomenon, which is now called natural selection.
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